<p>The Old Waterville Post Office is a historic post office facility at 1 Post Office Square in central Waterville, Maine. Built in 1911, it is a fine local example of institutional Greek Revival architecture. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1977, and presently houses a restaurant and brewpub.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Old Waterville Post Office stands prominently on a triangular parcel of land formed by Main and Elm Streets at the northern end of Waterville&#39;s commercial business district. It is a single-story masonry structure, in the form of a bent rectangle, presenting secondary facades to the two roads. Facing toward their intersection is a rounded projection, fronted by a colonnade of Corinthian columns supporting an entablature. The building corners have Corinthian pilasters, supporting continuations of the entablature around the building. The rounded section is covered by a circular domed roof section topped by a lantern structure designed in emulation of the Choragic Monument of Lysicrates, while the remainder of the building roof is flat. A low flight of stairs rises to the two main entrances in the curved section, set in elaborate surrounds with bracketed entablatures.</p><br>
<p>The post office was designed by James Knox Taylor, then head of the Office of the Supervising Architect of the United States Treasury Department, and was completed in 1911. It is one of the state&#39;s finest examples of Greek Revival architecture from the early 20th century.</p><br>
<p>Shrough Passage Tomb is a passage grave and National Monument located atop Slievenamuck, County Tipperary, Ireland.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>Shrough Passage Tomb is located atop Slievenamuck, near the source of the River Ara and halfway between Tipperary Town and Galbally, County Limerick. This is far from the main centres of passage grave construction.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Shrough passage tomb was built c. 3000 BC.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>Shrough Passage Tomb&#39;s entrance is formed with two orthostats on each side defining an area 3 m x 1.5 m (10 x 5 feet). The chamber is about 1.5 m x 1.2 m and is roofless. The chamber stands near the centre of a low, roughly circular mound, 30 m (100 ft) across. Many megalithic monuments are aligned towards mountains and celestial events; the entrance chamber at Shrough points roughly towards Slievenamon and the area of sunrise at equinox.</p><br>
<p>The King Farm is a historic farm property at King Farm Road in Woodstock, Vermont. Encompassing more than 150 acre of woodlands and pasture, the farm has 150 years of architectural history, include a rare 18th-century English barn. Originally a subsistence farm, it became a gentleman&#39;s farm in the late 19th century, and its farmstead now hosts a regional government commission. The farm was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1997.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The former King Farm is located about 1 mi west of Woodstock village, to the north of United States Route 4 and Rose Hill, a loop road on US 4s north side. The farm consists of 157 acre, roughly divided equally between cleared and forested land; the cleared land is used either as pasturage or haying. The farmstead is located at the end of King Farm Road, once a through road leading to Barnard but now serving as the farmsteads drive. The complex includes the main house and barn, as well as a sheep barn, horse shed, granary, and workshop, most of which were built before 1900. The main house is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, built about 1793 and enlarged twice during the 19th century. The main barn&#39;s oldest portion dates to the same period, consisting of an English barn that has been nearly completely enclosed by additions. The sheep barn, added to the property in 1840, is 1-1/2 stories in height with a shed roof extension on one side.</p><br>
<p>The farm was cleared and first settled by Jesse Williams, progenitor of a locally prominent family, in the early 1790s, and farmed by him until 1807. Jabez King, a Massachusetts native who had lived in Woodstock for 20 years, purchased the farm from Williams, and four generations of his family would work the land. The farmstead is not only significant for the survival of some of its oldest buildings, but also for the diversity of structures, exemplifying the changes in agricultural and architectural trends. Hiram Udall King, a grandson who made is name in education (founding the King School in Stamford, Connecticut), bought out shares of his siblings and mother in the farm in 1887, transforming it into gentlemans farm and summer retreat. In the early 20th century he added additional living quarters for hands hired to work the land, and added buildings for use by its summer residents and visitors. In 1985, the last of Kings descendants died, leaving the remaining land to what is now the Vermont Land Trust.</p><br>
<p>The Painted cave is an archaeological museum and park in the town of Galdar, located the northwest of Grand Canary in the Canary Islands, Spain. This centre is part of the Spanish Ministry of Culture, Historic Heritage and Museums of the town council of Grand Canary.</p><br>
<p>Inside are found some of the most representative archaeological vestiges of pre-Hispanic Canaries, with characteristics unique within Spain. The Painted cave is considered as the "Sistine chapel" of the former inhabitants of the island, the Canarii.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The Painted cave is located at nº 2 Audiencia street, in the centre of Gualdar, 27 km west of Las Palmas and 50 km N-W of the international airport of Grand Canary.</p><br>
<h2>Discovery and evolution</h2><br>
<p>The cave was discovered in 1862 on the occasion of agricultural works, through a hole in its roof. The "official discovery" had to wait until 1873, when José Ramos Orihuela visited the cave.</p><br>
<p>In 1876, Chil y Naranjo briefly mentions the cave in his "Studies".</p><br>
<p>In 1882 Diego Ripoche visited the cave and made drawings, some of which he may have sent to René Verneau. He also noted the presence of corpses, pots and other utensils.</p><br>
<p>In 1884, Olivia Stone visited the cave, made some drawings, wrote about it and suggested that the local government should acquire the site and take proper care of it.</p><br>
<p>In 1887, French anthropologist René Verneau visited the cave. He wrote a detailed description in which he mentions the careful execution of each painted panel.</p><br>
<p>The end of the 19th century is noted for a revival in the awareness of the importance of conservation issues for historical works. In the El Museo Canario review, chronicler Batllori y Lorenzo writes "Mi última tentativa", a solemn appeal for the protection of the cave. Critics of the institutions lack of action in that direction continue into the 20th century. But only in 1967 starts a public campaign in favour of the caves protection - counting among its supporters Celso Martín de Guzmán and Elías Serra Ráfols.</p><br>
<p>Meanwhile, the paintings were deteriorating. In 1970 the General commission of archaeological excavations ("Comisaría General de Excavaciones Arqueológicas") started working on the protection of the cave, notably on the humidity that was causing much damage. This was completed with the construction of an enclosure to protect the cave - and the public. In 1972 the site was declared Monument historique artistique.</p><br>
<p>Antonio Beltrán and José Miguel Alzola realized the first systematic study, published in 1974 with the first colour photographies and the most exact drawings to that date. This was another big step into spreading the knowledge of the existence of the cave among the specialists. It also helped determine the deterioration of the paintings. The plantations being watered nearby, the inadequate protection of the enclosure, the absence of planning for the visits, the chemical soil treatments for agricultural purposes and the inadequate ventilation of the premises were the main factors in increasing temperature and humidity in the cave and the subsequent damage on the paintings.Expropriation procedures were then started regarding the cultivated nearby land, and the site was closed to the public in October 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Painted cave museum and archaeological park of Galdar was reopened on July 26, 2006, after 24 years excavating and restorating the site, and fitting it for public visits without further endangerment of the paintings and other historic items. Up to then it was only possible to see a reproduction of the paintings in the Canary Museum of Las Palmas in Grand Canary. Entry is open from 10 a.m. to 6 p.m. All visits are accompanied with a guide and must be booked.</p><br>
<p>In 2016 the museum celebrated its 10th anniversary by sharing an exchange with the cave of Altamira museum - each museum lending to the other tens of its most valuable pieces.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<h3>The Painted cave</h3><br>
<p>The cave is a superb example of artistic representations of the ancient natives of Grand Canary. It and the village next to it are located in the town that used to be the capital of the island in pre-Hispanic times.</p><br>
<p>Excavated by humans in volcanic material, its walls are decorated with geometrical patterns. The archaeologists think that, due to their regular distribution (usually in series of twelve), they could be a sort of calendar.</p><br>
<p>It is also the only location on Grand Canary that brought the proof of the existence of common wheat on the island (triticum aestivum or triticum durum, as it is difficult to tell the difference from the seed grain). Note that Grand Canary is the only Canarian island to have painted caves.</p><br>
<h3>Utensils</h3><br>
<p>The site also bears remains of houses, in which have been found various utensils. The collection counts among other items some notable locally-made decorated ceramic pots and paintings. It also include some ceramics made on pottery wheel on the continent as well as coins, swords, horseshoes, nails, every day use items (thimbles, knives, etc.). Most coins are from the 15th and 16th centuries. It seems that all metal items were imported.</p><br>
<p>Some pots are large and were used for storage; others were used for cooking. The local pottery was hand-made, with many of them presenting a finely polished surface and decorated with paint, generally ochre red applied before firing them in a hole in the ground. Some pots are entirely covered with geometrical patterns, in some cases including the bottom of the pots. Note that Grand Canary is the only Canary island where painted pottery has been found.</p><br>
<p>Beside these, are some fired clay statues of idols with human and animal figures. Most of the human idols are feminine and many are associated with maternity. In some cases the statues&#39; bodies have been decorated with red paint and some incisions mark the hair. These could be simple offerings, amulets or toys.</p><br>
<p>There are needles, stamps and spatulas made of sheep or goat bones; the needles are related to the making of leather clothes; the stamps and spatulas were pottery tools.</p><br>
<p>Objects made of stone have also been found. The stones most used are basalts, phonolites and obsidians. The stones were worked to create sharp edges with which to work other raw materials (wood, bone, skin/leather) or to carry out other works such as meat cutting or food preparation. Basalt was also used to make mortars, some round and some of elongated shapes. Some round mortars were used to grind grain for flour, some others for the red ochre that was used for the paintings and to decorate the pots.</p><br>
<h3>The settlement</h3><br>
<p>Over twenty years of excavations have unveiled a whole settlement beyond the Painted cave. A whole hamlet used to spread from the bottom of the valley up to the present city centre. This was one of the neighbourhoods that constituted pre-Hispanic Agaldar. The hamlet was occupied from the 6th century until the 11th century, and again from the 13th century until the 16th century and the Spanish conquest of the island.</p><br>
<p>The houses were quadrangular and were surrounded outside by circular walls. They had one or two lateral bedrooms, opening towards the south through a small corridor. The bedrock was used to lean walls against it, and was worked to form a flat floor in the houses. The floor was further covered with packed earth or, in some cases, of stones sometimes coloured with red ochre.</p><br>
<p>The walls were made either of basalt or of well-dressed blocks of tuff. Nearly all the houses have kept remains of mortar and of paints of various colours that decorated the rooms.</p><br>
<p>The enclave has an important role in the understanding of the final stage of pre-Hispanic Canaries - before the conquest - and the incorporation of the island to the crown of Castille.</p><br>
<p>It is of note that some of the main artificial cave sites of the island are located in the relative vicinity of the Painted cave (cuevas del Hospital, Huertas del Rey or the Audience cave in the Four Doors cave site).</p><br>
<h2>Dating the site</h2><br>
<p>The first carbon-14 analysis made on the cave was on the wall paintings. This gave no results because the paint used carried no trace of carbon, being entirely non-organic (ochre). Then some vegetal remains of a plant from the Lauraceae family were found in the mortar in the walls. These remains were analysed by the CSIC laboratory and that of the French CNRS, and dated between 1049 and 1257 A.C. Some fragments of pine tree were dated between 601 and 994.</p><br>
<h2>Services</h2><br>
<p>The Painted Cave Museum and Archaeological Park pursues:</p><br>
<p>The conservation, cataloguing and exhibition of the archaeological artefacts in its custody, as well as the management and conservation of the site.</p><br>
<p>The development of a program of educational actions and of diffusion with regard to its contents and thematics.</p><br>
<p>The research within its speciality, keeping in mind the ones directly related with the conservation of the decorated room.</p><br>
<h3>Specific services</h3><br>
<p>The vocation of the centre to promote the aspects of conservation, research and diffusion is embodied in the existence of facilities adapted to the achievement of these aims:</p><br>
<p>In the didactic classroom is carried out a program of activities aimed at education centres and at all visitors interested in furthering their knowledge of our ancestors.</p><br>
<p>Both the laboratories and the library make it possible for researchers and restorers to develop the tasks to make the Painted cave museum and archaeological park a centre of reference for the production and diffusion of scientific knowledge.</p><br>
<p>A multi-purpose room completes the facilities.</p><br>
<h2>A well-patronized site</h2><br>
<p>The site has registered 34.616 visitors in 2006 over the first 5 months of it reopening, and 513,880 visitors in the 9,5 years up to December 2015. The monthly average is around 50,000 visitors, slowly increasing as years go by. This makes it one of the most visited places in the Canary Islands and indeed in the whole of Spain, and places the site at the level of the major archaeological sites in Europe. The average appreciation of the visit is very high, with a 9.15/10 note given by the visitors - an exceptional success. The majority of visitors in 2006-2007 were young (under 20 y.o.) local students, but from 2012 to 2015 half of the visitors are in the 30-60 y.o.</p><br>
<h2>Publications</h2><br>
<p>, May 2010. Article pp. 26–29: "Los escenarios históricos en el Museo y Parque Arqueológico Cueva Pintada: de la investigación a la recreación virtual".</p><br>
<p>("Conservation and musealisation of the Painted cave - From investigation to intervention")</p><br>
<p>("the Painted cave museum and archaeological park (Galdar, Grand Canary): from an agriculture unit to an urban archaeological park")</p><br>
<p>Paul Bunyan Statue is a 31 ft concrete and metal sculpture of mythical logger Paul Bunyan in the Kenton neighborhood of Portland, Oregon, United States. It was built in 1959 to commemorate the centennial of Oregon&#39;s statehood during the Centennial Exposition and International Trade Fair, which was held in the Kenton area. The sculpture was originally prominently placed at the intersection of North Interstate Avenue  and North Argyle Street, and now stands at the corner of North Interstate and North Denver, about 15 feet south of its original locarion. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in January 2009.</p><br>
<p>The statue was the Highlighted Property of the Week when the National Park Service released its weekly list of February 6, 2009.</p><br>
<p>Frogmore is historic cotton plantation near Ferriday in Concordia Parish, Louisiana. It is a tourist attraction, and may be visited to see old and new cotton farming methods, to see a cotton gin, and to see its historic plantation house. Its grounds include an archeological site also referred to as "Frogmore". The historic mansion of the plantation is named "Gillespie". It was built in 1843 with Greek Revival architecture.</p><br>
<p>The mansion, the cotton gin, and the archeological site are all (separately?) listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<p>One part was listed on May 31, 1980.</p><br>
<p>The archeological site termed Frogmoreis a single platform mound and village midden site that dates to the BallinaBalmoral phases (ca. A.D. 900-1050) of the Coles Creek period (A.D. 700-1200) (Cusick et. al. 1995). The site is adjacent to U. S. Highway 84 approximately 100 m south/southeast of the confluence of Otto Bayou and Brushy Bayou. It is set in a wetlands environment on a historic cotton plantation of the same name. (The main house and a cotton gin moved to the property are listed on the National Register – the main house under the name Gillespie and the gin, Piazza Cotton Gin. The candidate is outside the nominated areas of these two listings.) The mound is generally oriented to the cardinal directions, with the long axis running east-west. A buried village</p><br>
<p>midden is on the north side of the mound.</p><br>
<p>The Frogmore site is next to an old meander scar of the Mississippi River and an abandoned channel of the Tensas River (Saucier 1994). The mound is constructed on Mississippi backswamp sediments that overlap point bar deposits of Mississippi Meaner Belt 2 that are between 4400-2400 years in age (Saucier 1994). Archaeologist James Ford speculated in 1936 that Frogmore was abandoned when the Tensas River shifted approximately 2 miles to the west, or to its present course (Ford 1936:238). Coles Creek ceramic types, the method of construction of a submound walled structure, and one radiocarbon date from the midden have established the age of the mound.</p><br>
<p>The site area is approximately 50 m x 80m. The long axis, composed of the mound and the village midden north of the mound, is oriented to the northeast and southwest. The platform mound is rectangular in plan view, measuring 5 m. The mound is constructed in two states and made with sandy and clay fill that covers a double walled circular structure and associated village midden.</p><br>
<p>Rahmat Khali Canal , or Lakshmipur Khal Stream, is a canal in that flows through Begumganj Upazila in Chittagong Division, Bangladesh. it is known simply as WAPDA canal.in the Bangladesh Half Governmental Organization.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is 2 metres. Well known places, streets and travel smallest river in the</p><br>
<p>Bangladesh in the division of Chittagong in the district of Lakshimpur this river is around the three districts of Bangladesh, it&#39;s starts at Feni middle of</p><br>
<p>Noakhali ended at Lakshmipur. Mouth of the Meghna River Meghna is the main stream River than the Bay of Bengal, the river is small but it has an area of 85 km². square metres from venue of those cities. This river is an important river in the Lakshmipur Moju Chowdhury Hat Noakhali Feni, Begumganj another city&#39;s of those Districts. Bangladesh Water Development Board.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>This canal is located at 22.8658645&deg;N latitude, 90.7605756&deg;E longitude Lakshmipur District includes others towns in the city of Lakshmipur municipality and last</p><br>
<p>Moju Chowdhury Hat. this canal it has an areas of total 85 km². kilometres length of 141 km².</p><br>
<p>Hokowhitu Lagoon, also sometimes called Centennial Lagoon, is a natural ox-bow lake in the city of Palmerston North, New Zealand. Hokowhitu was created from a meander of the Manawatu River. Many features surround the lagoon including a walkway, a Massey University campus and the Caccia Birch House. Hokowhitu Lagoon is also the name of a residential area within Palmerston North.</p><br>
<p>An artesian bore, which was completed in 2009, is drilled 94 m into an underground aquifer which supplies the lagoon with 250,000 litres of water daily.</p><br>
<h2>Features</h2><br>
<p>Hokowhitu Lagoon is home to many water-life and birds. Perch is the most common fish in the lagoon, with 44 fish per 100m.</p><br>
<p>A 1.1 km walk follows the shore of the lagoon and is popular with local leisure seekers. The walk includes a truss bridge which crosses the lagoon at roughly its halfway mark.</p><br>
<p>The Caccia Birch House, a Category I Historic location, sits on the northern side of the lagoon. The house was built in 1892 and was donated to the government in 1941.</p><br>
<h2>Diminishing water levels</h2><br>
<p>During 2014 the lagoon&#39;s water levels dropped as the 2014 Eketahuna earthquake opened up channels in the underside of the lake. The leaking continued and in December 2014 environmentally-safe dye was put into the water to help locate leaks. The Artesian Bore, which was built in 2009, cannot compete with the heavy leaking.</p><br>
<p>During mid-2016 a dive team was sent to investigate the lagoon bed to locate a source of the leaking.</p><br>
<p>The Timothy and Jane Williams House is a historic house at 34 Old County Road in Rockland, Maine. Built about 1859, it is one of the finest local examples of Italianate architecture, and was built for someone closely associated with the area&#39;s important 19th-century lime processing industry. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2005.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Williams House stands in what is now a rural residential area of western Rockland, on the northwest side of Old County Road, formerly a through road between Thomaston and Camden, and now largely used to bypass downtown Rockland. The house stands opposite one of the Rockland area&#39;s many former lime quarries. It is a 2-1/2 story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof and clapboarded exterior. A lower two-story ell extends to the left, also covered by a gabled roof. The building corners are quoined, and the main eaves are studded with heavy brackets and lined by dentil moulding. A two-story gabled section projects at the center of the front facade, housing the main entrance in a slight recess, flanked by sidelights and topped by an eyebrow transom window. The doorway surround matches that of the paired round-arch windows above, with a bracketed segmented-arch top. Windows are rectangular sash, with bracketed cornices and lintels.</p><br>
<p>The house was built about 1859 for Timothy and Jane Williams. Timothy Williams was a leading businessman in the period, owning lime quarries and engaging in a diverse array of other businesses. He also served as a city selectman and in the state legislature, and was an important figure in the areas business community prior to the consolidation of the lime processing industry. The familys house was designed by James Overlock, a prominent local architect.</p><br>
<p>Odinland , also Odinsland in the Defense Mapping Agency Greenland Navigation charts, is a peninsula in the King Frederick VI Coast, southeastern Greenland. It is a part of the Sermersooq municipality.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Arctic explorer Wilhelm August Graah of the Danish Navy explored this area in 1828–30, during an expedition in search of the legendary Eastern Norse Settlement and named this lonely peninsula after Odin.</p><br>
<h2>Geography</h2><br>
<p>Odinland is surrounded to the southeast by the Bernstorff Fjord (Kangertittivaq) —across which lies the Thorland Peninsula, to the east by the Irminger Sea and to the north by the Umiiviip Kangertiva (Gyldenløve Fjord). To the west lies the Fimbul Glacier and to the northwest the peninsula is attached to the mainland.</p><br>
<p>Cape Mosting (Kap Møsting) is a steep and prominent headland at the southeastern end near the mouth of the Bernstorff Fjord, at 63&deg;41&prime;N latitude, 40&deg;30&prime;W longitude. To the north of this point, the shore is bold and precipitous with glaciers protruding into the sea at every coastal cleft or ravine until the mouth of Quseertaliip Kangertiva (Otte Krumpen Fjord).</p><br>
<p>At this point the northeastern part of Odinland forms the Kangerajiip Apusiia (Colberger Heide) subpeninsula, limited in the southeast by the small Quseertaliip Kangertiva (Otte Krumpen Fjord), to the east by the Irminger Sea, to the north by the Umivik Bay and to the northwest by the Vikingevig.</p><br>
<p>The peninsula is heavily glaciated, with the large Sleipner Glacier flowing westwards from its central part and the Gjallerbroen flowing eastwards. The Ydun Glacier, Gerd Glacier and Gymer Glacier are smaller glaciers flowing into the Bernstorff Fjord from the southern shore. The Gungner Ice Cap is located in a roughly eastern position in the middle of the peninsula.</p><br>
<h3>Mountains</h3><br>
<p>In Odinland there are several nunataks protruding above the ice, with Ensom Majestaet (Lonely Majesty), Ensomme Skraent (Lonely Slope), Eqaluttusoq, Hammerfaldet, Hustoppen (Housetop), Pelikanen, Spidstoppen and Tyrs Bjerge in the main peninsula and Alukajik, Ørnen, Tommeltotten and Trillingerne (Triplets) in the Kangerajiip Apusiia (Colberger Heide) area. The highest point in Odinland is 1,591 m m high Ensom Majestaet rising in the central part of the peninsula at 63&deg;48&prime;55&Prime;N latitude, 41&deg;2&prime;1&Prime;W longitude.</p><br>
<p>The Bath Ranch, also known as the Bath Brothers Ranch and the Stone Ranch, was established near Laramie, Wyoming by Henry Bath about 1869-70. It was one of the first raches in Albany County. The initial homestead was replaced by the present stone house and barn in 1875, using stone quarried locally by Henry and his sons. Since the area was populated by hostile Native Americans, the buildings were designed as fortified refuges. The Bath family became prominent in Wyoming society in subsequent years.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The house and barn are built of massive stone, with walls 18 in thick. The house is 1-1/2 stories. A kitchen and a dining room are location in the back under a shed-roofed extension, with public rooms in front and bedrooms upstairs. The front wall is built up to 1-1/2 stories with low windows lighting the upstairs rooms.</p><br>
<p>The barn is also 1-1/2 stories, with a gambrel roof. The stone walls only extend to the floor of the loft, with frame construction above.</p><br>
<p>The Bath Ranch was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 13, 1985.</p><br>
<p>Bath Row, also known as the Theodore Bath Historic District, are four buildings in Laramie, Wyoming, built in 1883 by Theodore Bath and his brothers. The houses were built to be rented to employees of the Union Pacific Railroad. As brother Henry had previously done at the Bath Ranch, Bath Row was built of local limestone with red brick window arches. Three of the houses are single-story shotgun-style houses with a central doorway flanked by narrow windows, extending back from the street. The fourth building is a two-story structure with three windows on the ground floor facing the street, two above, and a round window into the attic. The side windows in all of the buildings align from one building to the next.</p><br>
<p>Bath Row was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on May 8, 1986.</p><br>
<p>The Centennial Depot, also known as the Nici Self Historical Museum, was built in 1907 for the Laramie, Hahn&#39;s Peak and Pacific Railway in Centennial, Wyoming. In addition to railroad services, the depot housed a post office and, at times, a grocery store. The depot was operated by the Union Pacific Railroad until the early 1970s. Demolition was proposed, but the depot was purchased by the Centennial Valley Historical Association, which moved it a short distance to its present site. It is operated as the Nici Self Museum.</p><br>
<p>The long frame structure has a hipped roof with broad overhanging eaves. A projecting bay, arranged to look down the train line ion the original site, is located near one end. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places on November 8, 1982.</p><br>
<p>The Clarks Grove Cooperative Creamery is a historic creamery in Clarks Grove, Minnesota, United States. It was established in 1890 as one of the first cooperative creameries in Minnesota. The Clarks Grove Cooperative Creamery used new technology and a well-organized cooperative system. It became a model for the Minnesota dairy industry. Ten years later, there were more than 550 cooperative creameries in the state.</p><br>
<p>The original building burned down and was replaced with a new facility in 1927 which included a second-floor meeting hall. Still standing, this building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986 for having local significance in the themes of agriculture, architecture, commerce, and social history. It was nominated for its seminal status and influence on the states cooperative creameries, as well as its association with the small local community of Danish Americans and their outsized success in dairy farming, its role as a social center, and being Minnesotas best example of its type architecturally.</p><br>
<h2>Background</h2><br>
<p>In the 1870s and 1880s, farmers in southern Minnesota were turning their wheat fields into dairy farms. Yet making butter on the farm was difficult. It required a lot of labor, mostly done by women. And many people did not like farm butter, because it took on the flavors of other food from the farmer&#39;s kitchen.</p><br>
<p>After an 1884 visit to Denmark, farmer Hans Peter Jensen came back to Minnesota with the idea for a cooperative creamery. In Denmark, Jensen learned about innovations in butter-making that could transform the dairy industry in Minnesota. But these new technologies would be difficult for individual farmers to access. Minnesota farmers typically owned only a dozen cows and small dairy farms were not very profitable.</p><br>
<p>Cooperatives, or "coops," helped by pooling farmers&#39; resources. Farmers brought their milk to the coop. At the coop, butter was made in large batches using the new technology of cream separation. Cooperative farmers benefited from the efficiency of the factory, and they shared the profits and losses with each other rather than investors.</p><br>
<h2>Impact</h2><br>
<p>The Clarks Grove Cooperative Creamery became a model for the rest of the state. It was made famous by Theophilus Levi (T.L.) Haecker. Haecker was a dairy science professor at the University of Minnesota, and he was known as the "Father of Minnesota Dairying."</p><br>
<p>In 1892, Haecker traveled around the state to inspect creameries. He was disappointed by the poor conditions that he found. But when Haecker found the Clarks Grove creamery, he was impressed. He spoke across the state and told farmers about the creamery&#39;s principles. In 1894, he published a popular bulletin that showed farmers how to found a cooperative creamery. The bulletin was based on the constitution and bylaws of the coop in Clarks Grove.</p><br>
<p>With Clarks Grove as a model, cooperative dairying in Minnesota grew. By 1898, more than 550 cooperative creameries existed in Minnesota. The state became known for its butter and for its cooperative agriculture system. In 1928, nearly half of the cooperative creameries in the United States were in Minnesota. These included important cooperative associations like the Minnesota Co-Operative Dairies Association (founded in 1911) and Land O&#39;Lakes, Incorporated (founded in 1921).</p><br>
<p>The Clarks Grove creamery was also important for the local area. It was the first building and the first business in the Clarks Grove community. In the early 20th century the cooperative expanded, adding a cooperative grain elevator, a general store, and a lumber yard. For decades the creamery was a community center. It hosted talks, meetings, and school recitals. In 1956 it became a temporary school after the local schoolhouse burned down.</p><br>
<h2>Closure</h2><br>
<p>In 1996 the Clarks Grove Cooperative Creamery closed. As dairy farmers retired there was no longer a need for the coop.</p><br>
<p>Kala pahar is the highest peak of Greater Sylhet. It is also the highest point of the southern part of Bangladesh. Located near Robir bazar of Kulaura upazila in Moulvibazar district it is only 3–4 hours trekked distance from Azgarabad Tea Estate. This peak is also accessible from Rajki tea estate near Fultola bazar of Juri upazila. The hill range of Kala pahar is locally known as Longla ridge. Kala pahar is the local name of the highest peak. According to Bangladesh Geographic society this hill is also known as Hararganj pahar. In Bengali language hill word means Pahar. Situated in the north-eastern part of our country 60% of the range is in Bangladesh and the rest is in the Northern Tripura state of India. The part of this hill is known as Raghunandan pahar in Tripura. The famous ancient archaeological religious site of india ‘Unokoti’ lies at the foot of this hill. Kala pahar is about 1,100 feet high from the sea level. In November,2015 few members of local adventure group explored this peak and measured the highest point as 1,098 feet  with Garmin handheld gps. The view from the peak is awesome. During Autumn season,if the sky is clear one can observe the blue water of Hakaluki haor from the high point of kala pahar.There are few Khashian establishments adjacent to this hill. Like Nunchora punji,Panaichora punji,Putichora punji and Baigonchora punji. According to Khashian language village is term as Punji.</p><br>
<p>This place is slowly but surely becoming very popular to the nature lovers to visit as adventure day trip.</p><br>
<p>Location: Kulaura,Moulvibazar,Sylhet division.</p><br>
<p>Range: Longla / Hararganj hill.</p><br>
<p>Elevation: 1,098 feet.(Gps accuracy +/-3 m)</p><br>
<p>Position: 24°24.586&#39;N</p><br>
<p>92°04.792&#39;E</p><br>
<p>Elevation Measured By:</p><br>
<p>Oncheon-cheon  is a tributary of the Suyeong River in Busan, South Korea. It was previously known as the Seocheon or Dongnaecheon. The source of the river is on Geumjeongsan.</p><br>
<p>It then flows through the built-up area of Busan, passing between Allak-dong (Dongnae District) and Yeonsan-dong (Yeonje District) along the way.</p><br>
<p>In 2003, the Busan municipal government began redevelopment in order to address the stream&#39;s environmental issues and provide recreation facilities on its banks. The Oncheon Stream Park along the banks of the river is an excellent place to view the blossoming of cherry trees.</p><br>
<h2>Ecosystem</h2><br>
<p>The rivers ecosystem suffered due to urban development and industrialisation. A 1984 study found that the water contained more than ten times the safe level of synthetic organic compounds, attributable to the dumping of industrial waste in the river. In April 2000, eight social & environmental volunteer groups began efforts to restore the rivers ecosystem. However, by 2008, there was still far greater plant diversity at the upper reaches of the river than in the urban area.</p><br>
<p>The Juréia Massif  is an isolated group of mountains on the coast of the state of São Paulo, Brazil. The mountains hold a well-preserved remnant of Atlantic Forest, and are contained in the fully protected Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station.</p><br>
<h2>Location</h2><br>
<p>The name "Juréia" means prominent point in the Tupi-Guaraní language.</p><br>
<p>The Serra da Juréia is a Precambrian horst on the coast of the municipality of Iguape in the south of São Paulo state.</p><br>
<p>The massif covers 58 km&sup2; and rises to 400 to 800 m.</p><br>
<p>The eastern side falls steeply to the ocean.</p><br>
<p>It is an inselberg connected to the mainland by a sandy alluvial plain that was formed 5100 years ago during the post-glacial Cananéia Transgression, when the sea was about 3 m higher than at present.</p><br>
<p>The Paranapu massif, part of the Serra dos Itatins, rises from the plain to the north.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrology</h2><br>
<p>The streams formed in the Serra da Juréia are clear, with a pH of 5-6.5, and are low in nutrients.</p><br>
<p>A few originate in springs in the campo, but most are rain-fed and intermittent.</p><br>
<p>Quiet streams may become torrential during times of heavy rainfall.</p><br>
<p>The Una do Prelado River, a blackwater river, meanders in a northeast direction through the plain between the Serra da Juréia and the Serra dos Itatins.</p><br>
<p>The Serra da Juréia is divided by the valley of the Rio Verde, which flows south to the ocean.</p><br>
<h2>Environment</h2><br>
<p>Average annual temperatures range from 19.6 to 21.4 C.</p><br>
<p>Average annual rainfall is 2,277.8 mm.</p><br>
<p>The climate is tropical humid with no dry season.</p><br>
<p>At least 30 mm of rain falls in the driest month.</p><br>
<p>The Serra da Juréia and its surroundings hold one of the best preserved remnants of Atlantic Forest on the coast of São Paulo.</p><br>
<p>Above 300 m the mountains are covered by campo vegetation - fields of grass, herbs and shrubs.</p><br>
<p>The slopes and base of the mountain are clothed in evergreen tropical forest.</p><br>
<p>There is a wide variety of species of flora, some rare.</p><br>
<h2>Conservation</h2><br>
<p>The Department of the Environment planned to develop a "green" housing project on the banks of the Rio Verde.</p><br>
<p>The project was cancelled in the 1980s when the Empresa Nuclebrás Brasileira decided to build the Iguape 4 and Iguape 5 power plants in a 23,600 hectare area that included the entire Serra da Juréia.</p><br>
<p>By law, the area surrounding the nuclear power plant would have to be made an ecological station.</p><br>
<p>The power plant project was abandoned but the Juréia-Itatins Ecological Station was created on 20 January 1986, covering the Juréia Massif and the entire watershed of the Una do Prelado River.</p><br>
<p>The Norris Miller House, also known as The Stovewood House, is a historic residence located in Decorah, Iowa, United States. The 1½-story frame house features a vernacular Classical cornice, symmetrical plan, a gable roof, and a limestone basement. The structure is composed of oak that is split into short lengths for use in a stove, or stovewood. It is laid with mortar made up of ash and lime. There are only two other houses like this one known to exist in the United States, and both are in Wisconsin.</p><br>
<p>Decorah had two other houses similar to this one, but they have been torn down. All them could have been built by Norris Miller, who settled in Decorah from Ohio in 1855. That year he bought a town lot, and completed this house in 1856. The house was moved to the Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum in 1976 in order to preserve it. They restored the house and made part of it exhibit. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places the same year it was moved.</p><br>
<p>Koren Hall, formerly known as Koren Library, is located on the campus of Luther College in Decorah, Iowa, United States. Completed in 1921, it served as the colleges library until 1969 when Preus Library opened. The building is named for Ulrik Vilhelm Koren, one of the colleges founders and a long-time supporter. From 1969 to 1978 it housed the Spiritual Life Center as well as offices and classrooms. The former reading room was converted into a chapel. The building now houses classrooms and offices for the social sciences, the Anthropology Lab, and the Anthropology Collections. The two to three story brick building was designed in the Neoclassical style by the Minneapolis architectural firm of Magney & Tusler. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Flying Horseshoe Ranch was established in the Centennial Valley of southeastern Wyoming by Danish immigrant Mads Wolbol in the late 1870s. The complex of mostly log structures, about 15 of which are considered contributing structures.</p><br>
<p>The main ranch house was built in 1890 and added to several times. It is a 1-1/2 story log structure, now covered by vinyl siding. The original homestead cabin was built in the late 1870s or early 1880s, and is used for storage. Other buildings in the complex include a root cellar, a chicken house, a hog barn, a blacksmith shop and a number of sheds, almost all of which are of log construction. The most significant utility building is a large log barn, built about 1890.</p><br>
<p>The property remains a working ranch with 2,400 acre of deeded land and rights to 1,600 acre of Forest Service grazing. It was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on October 12, 2000.</p><br>
<p>The Jacobson Farm is located southeast of Decorah, Iowa, United States. It was owned and operated by the Jacobson family for 127 years. One generation overlapped the next, which led to a gradual evolution of changes instead of sudden changes. This evolution is exemplified in the house and barn, which have been altered over the years to accommodate changing needs but contain some of their original construction. The original portions of the buildings shows a mastery of Norwegian log construction. The later additions were also built according to the Norwegian tradition as independent units, but using framing techniques that adapted from American builders. There is also a substantial amount of written documentation in the form of letters, diaries, tax receipts, and photographs that help to precisely document the history of the farm.</p><br>
<p>Another historical aspect of the farm is its association with Abraham Jacobson, who was the second generation owner/operator. He had made a connection with Robert Todd Lincoln, the son of Abraham Lincoln, when he studied theology in Springfield, Illinois in the 1850s. The two remained in contact over the years. Jacobson served the Lutheran Church until he left the ministry in 1887 to take over the farm&#39;s operations. He also served as president of a mutual insurance company, conducted horticultural experiments, wrote for periodicals and newspapers, and served in the Iowa House of Representatives from 1903 to 1905.</p><br>
<p>The farm was donated by the Jacobson family to the Vesterheim Norwegian-American Museum in 1977. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<p>Fort Spokane was a USA Army frontier outpost in Lincoln County, Washington. It was located at the confluence of the Columbia and Spokane rivers and was used to separate the Colville and Spokane tribes on their reservations from the newly established city of Spokane. The fort was last used in 1929 and was later incorporated into the Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>Use as an outpost</h3><br>
<p>Fort Spokane was founded in the fall of 1880 by Lt. Colonel Henry C. Merriam and four companies (D, E, F and I) of the 2nd USA Infantry as Camp Spokane. It was renamed Fort Spokane in 1882, and at the start of the Spanish–American War in 1898 the fort was turned over to the Coleville Indian Agency.</p><br>
<p>Fort Spokane was strategically located at the convergence of the Columbia River and the Spokane River about 50 mile northeast of the city of Spokane, it was the last army frontier post established in the Northwest. In 1884 there were about 25 buildings, including six barracks, a schoolroom, an ice house and a two-story administrative building topped with a glass-sided Cupola. Eventually there were about 50 buildings built on the post which included officers&#39; quarters, barracks, a hospital and a chapel. The post served to consolidate older posts like Fort Colville closer to the population areas, and as a buffer to calm tensions between Natives and Settlers in the area. When the Spanish–American War broke out in 1898 the troops at Fort Spokane were moved elsewhere and the fort was turned over to the Coleville Indian Agency. In 1899 the post became a school for Indian children and later a tuberculosis sanatorium. The site was abandoned by the government in 1929.</p><br>
<h3>Preservation and restoration</h3><br>
<p>The National Park Service took over the site in 1960 with only four original buildings remaining from the fort. Four buildings and the site have been preserved and are now part of the Park Service’s Lake Roosevelt National Recreation Area. The restoration has saved the 1884 stable, the 1888 powder magazine, the 1889 reservoir and the 1892 guard house.</p><br>
<p>Walls Loch is situated at a height of 560 feet, below the Walls Hill Iron Age fort and to the east of Broadfield Hill on the lands of North Castlewalls Farm, Whittliemuir, Howwood, Renfrewshire, Scotland.</p><br>
<p>The loch is a natural feature, sitting in a hollow to the west of Walls Hill and close to the old North Castlewalls Farm. The loch waters drain via the Muirhead Burn that flows into Barcraigs Reservoir close to Auchenbathie Tower. Its dimensions are a length of 2860 feet or 872 metres and a width of 1980 feet or 604 metres.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<p>Walls Hill is the site of an Iron Age hillfort, the largest in Renfrewshire and probably an oppidum of the celtic Damnonii tribe, speculation suggests that the name Vanduara may be associated with Walls Hill.</p><br>
<h2>Walls Loch</h2><br>
<p>In 1960 a flint barbed and tanged arrowhead was found on the shore of Walls Loch, a type typical of the Bronze Age ‘Beaker People’ and the introduction of metal working to the British Isles.</p><br>
<p>One phase of occupation of walls Hill probably ended with the arrival of the Romans and then another circa the fourth and eleventh centuries before Walls Farm was built in the 14th century and then abandoned. Each phase of occupation would have impacted on the loch as a source of water for humans and domestic animals, fish etc as food, rushes and reeds for household use, etc. Whittliemuir pollen diagrams from the Iron Age show that a basic economy based on mixed farming existed in the area around the loch.</p><br>
<p>The 19th century OS maps indicate a small oblong enclosure below Walls Hill on the west bank of the loch that contained trees. A Fox Covert is one possibility, created in order to encourage foxes to breed for the purposes of fox hunting.</p><br>
<p>Walls Loch is clearly marked near to Walls Farm circa 1747. In 1800 a Loch is shown on Ainslies map of Renfrewshire with an East Castlewalls Farm nearby. The 1857 OS map shows the loch near to a North Castlewalls Farm, the name having changed from East&#39;.</p><br>
<h2>Place name evidence</h2><br>
<p>Names such as North and South Castlewalls are to be found on the maps of the area and these confirm the existence of a castle on Walls Hill.</p><br>
<h2>Battle of Muirdykes</h2><br>
<p>On June 18, 1685 the Battle of Muirdykes was fought near to Walls Loch on Muirdykes Farm between the Duke of Argyle&#39;s men and those of James II, the latter were defeated.</p><br>
<p>The Wayne Town House is a historic town hall on Maine State Route 133 in Wayne, Maine. Built in 1840, it is one of the state&#39;s little-altered examples of a period town hall building, retaining a number of distinctive features, including benches for sex-segregated seating. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1976.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Wayne Town House stands near the center of the rural community, on the north side of SR 133 a short way west of Pond Road. It is a modest single-story wood frame structure, with a gabled roof, clapboarded exterior, and granite foundation. Its modest Greek Revival touches are limited to the door surround, which has wide molding topped by blocks. The main facade is symmetrical, with the entrance flanked by twelve-over-eight sash windows, with a third in the gable above. The interior has a single large open space, its original plaster walls covered in wallboard, and original wooden plank benches lining the two side walls. These are set at a raised elevation above the center, resulting in stepped bleacher-style seating.</p><br>
<p>The town house was built in 1840 by Peter Fifield for $350.25, and was the towns first purpose-built meeting house, its earlier town meetings having taken place in other private facilities. Of Maines surviving municipal buildings of this period, it is one of the ones with a very small number alterations. The survival of its benches is of particular note: men sit on one side, and women (who originally were not allowed to vote) sat on the other side.</p><br>
<p>Laura Bay is a bay in the Australian state of South Australia on the west coast of Eyre Peninsula located about 15 km southeast of Ceduna.</p><br>
<p>Laura Bay is an inlet that opens into the northern end of a larger bay known as Smoky Bay and which is located about 4.5 km north-east of the headland of Cape D’Estrees. Its water depth is less than 2 m at chart datum.a small semicircular south facing bay, 1 km wide at the mouth, widening to 2 km inside. It is very protected from ocean waves and usually calm conditions prevail at the three shelly beaches, each fronted by a few hundred metres wide sand and tidal flats, and bordered and backed by stands of low mangroves.</p><br>
<p>The source of the bay&#39;s name is reported as being Laura Douglas, the daughter of William Bloomfield Douglas who surveyed the bay for the Government of South Australia in 1858.</p><br>
<p>Laura Bay was used as a port facility from at least 1894 to at least 1937 for the purpose of loading farm produce delivered from as far away as 30 km onto watercraft known as lighters which would move the produce to vessels anchored in deeper water. In 1911, a jetty of about 14.3 m length was built and was used until 1937 when it was demolished.</p><br>
<p>Since 2012, the bay has been located with the boundaries of the protected area known as the Nuyts Archipelago Marine Park.</p><br>
<p>The Mosaic of Reḥob  is a mosaic discovered in 1973, inlaid in the floor of the foyer or narthex of an ancient synagogue near Tel Rehov, 4.5 km south of Beit She&#39;an and about 6.5 km west of the Jordan River, containing the longest written text hitherto discovered in any mosaic in the Land of Israel, as also the oldest known Talmudic text.</p><br>
<p>Unlike other mosaics found in the region, the Reḥob mosaic has very little in the form of ornate design and symmetric patterns, but is unique due to its inscription, acclaimed by scholars to be one of the most important epigraphical findings discovered in Israel in the last century. Its text sheds invaluable light on the historical geography (toponymy) of Palestine during the Roman and late-Byzantine periods, as well as on Jewish and non-Jewish ethnographic divisions in Palestine for the same periods and their relation to one another, specifically, on agricultural produce cultivated by farmers, and the extent of Jewish law regulating the use of such farm products grown in the region of Beit Shean (Scythopolis) and the Jordan valley, Sussitha (Hippos) and its neighboring cities on the east bank of the Sea of Galilee, Naveh (Nawā) in the Roman province of Arabia Petraea, Tyre and its neighboring cities to the south, as well as towns in the vicinity of Sebaste and Caesarea, and Ashqelon to the south. By delineating the boundaries of the Land of Israel, it seeks to establish the legal status of the country in its various parts from the time of Israel&#39;s return from the Babylonian captivity, and whether or not local farm products acquired by Jews from other Jews, or from gentiles and Samaritans, are exempt or obligated in what concerns the laws of Seventh Year produce, and of demai-produce. The mosaic also describes different kinds of fruits and vegetables that were cultivated in the country at the time.</p><br>
<p>The site of the ancient synagogue was first discovered by members of Kibbutz Ein HaNetziv while preparing their lands for cultivation in the late 1960s, lands that had belonged to the villagers of Farwana before 1948. An archaeological excavation of the site in 1973, led by a team under IAA Fanny Vitto, revealed the mosaic and its content, which is now on display at the Israel Museum.</p><br>
<h2>Description of mosaic</h2><br>
<p>The mosaic pieces are made of black limestone tesserae contrasted against a white background, measuring 4.30 m x 2.75 m, with an accompanying text written on 29 lines, comprising a total of 350 words, with an average length of 4 m to each line. It begins with the salutation, "Shalom" – Peace!, followed by a long halakhic text, and ends with the salutation, "Shalom," followed by an appendix where it lists some eighteen towns in the vicinity of Sebaste (the ancient city of Samaria) whose fruits and vegetables were exempt from tithes and the stringencies applied to Seventh Year produce. There is little uniformity in the size of the letters, while the spelling of some words is faulty. Portions of the main text contain elements that are related to late second-century rabbinic literature, particularly that found in the Tosefta (Sheviit 4:8–11), the Jerusalem Talmud (Demai 2:1; Sheviit 6:1) and Sifrei on Deuteronomy 11:24, although the mosaic of Reḥob expands on aspects of each. The more ancient text in the Reḥob mosaic has been used to correct errors in transmission of extant rabbinic texts.</p><br>
<h2>Legal (halakhic) background</h2><br>
<p>The text in the Reḥob mosaic can only be understood in the context of Jewish law at the time, which required the tithing of agricultural produce six years out of a seven-year cycle, as well as the observance of Seventh Year law strictures on the same produce once in every seven years. This, too, was contingent upon lands that had been settled by returning Jews from the Babylonian captivity. The underlying principle in Jewish law states that when the Jewish exiles returned from the Babylonian captivity in the 4th century BCE, the extent of territories resettled by them in Galilee and in Judea did not equal nor exceed the territory originally conquered by Israel at the time of Joshua, more commonly referred to as "those who came-up from Egypt." The practical bearing of this restructuring of boundaries (although still part of the biblical Land of Israel proper) meant that places then settled by non-Jewish residents in the land (whether Phoenicians, Syrians, Grecians, or otherwise) and not taken by Israel were not deemed as consecrated land and, therefore, fruits and vegetables grown in such places and purchased by Jews were exempt from the laws of tithing, and of Seventh Year restrictions. However, if fruits and vegetables were purchased by gentile vendors from Israelites in their respective places and transported into these non-consecrated places in order to be sold in the marketplaces, they were still made subject to tithing as demai-produce by prospective Jewish buyers. The fruits and vegetables mentioned in the Reḥob mosaic with respect to Beit Shean (as detailed in the Jerusalem Talmud) were not locally grown in Beit Shean, but were transported there from places settled by Israel. Beit Shean was a frontier city along the countrys eastern front with Transjordan, and since it was not initially settled by Israelites upon their return from Babylon, although later Israelites had joined the local inhabitants, all home-grown fruits and vegetables there were made exempt from tithing in the days of Rabbi Judah HaNasi.</p><br>
<h2>Translation of ancient text</h2><br>
<h3>Regulation of produce between Achziv (Chezib) and Tyre</h3><br>
<p>The maritime city of Akko (Ptolemais), and the river south of Achziv (Chezib), a small coastal town ca. 15 km north of Acre, according to the Mishnah (Demai 1:3 and Gittin 1:2), were the extent of the northern boundary settled by Jews returning from the Babylonian captivity in the days of Ezra. Produce locally grown in the country beyond Achziv was exempt from the rules of demai-produce. Although the towns and villages (in what follows here) were traditionally outside of the territorial bounds occupied by Jews returning from Babylonia, still, these cities attracted Jewish settlement. In addition, fruits and vegetables grown in the Land of Israel were often transported northward, along the route known as the Promontory of Tyre (Heb. סולמות של צור). Israelites who frequented these areas, or who had moved there, were likely to buy fruits that had not been properly tithed in Israel. The emphasis on the regulation of agricultural produce obtained by Israel in the following northern areas, or, as the Rehob inscription says, "what an Israelite has purchased" in those parts, was because of its doubtful nature.</p><br>
<h3>Boundary of the Land of Israel in 4th c. BCE</h3><br>
<p>The following frontier cities once marked the boundary of the Land of Israel, or the extent of places repopulated after the return from Babylonian exile. In a broader sense, the list of frontier towns and villages herein named represent the geographical limits of regulations imposed upon all agricultural produce, making them fully liable to tithing and to sabbatical-year restrictions within that same border, or, in the event of being purchased from the common people of the land, to separate therefrom only the demai-tithe. As one moved further east of Achziv, the border extended northward, into what are now portions of south Lebanon, and as far east as places in the present-day Kingdom of Jordan. While the settlements here named reflect a historical reality, bearing heavily on Jewish legal law (Halacha), they did not always reflect a political reality, insofar that the political borders have since changed owing to a long history of occupiers and conquerors.</p><br>
<h3>Caesarea Maritima</h3><br>
<p>The maritime city of Caesarea Maritima was an enclave along the Mediterranean coast not immediately settled by Jewish émigrés returning from the Babylonian exile. Later, however, Jews joined the inhabitants of the city, yet, by the 1st century CE, it was still principally settled by foreigners, mostly Grecians. To ease the strictures placed upon the poor of the Jewish nation during the Seventh Year (since planting was prohibited throughout that year, and after-growths could not be taken by the people), Rabbi Judah HaNasi (2nd century CE) found the juridical legitimacy to release the city (and its bounds) from the obligation of tithing locally-grown produce, and from the restrictions associated with Seventh Year produce. Notwithstanding, on certain fruits and on one commodity spice (see infra.), they still required the separation of the demai tithe because of the majority of these specific items being transported into Caesarea from other places of the country held by Israel. However, during the Seventh Year, since these items were usually not harvested or worked by Jews in that year, the majority of such produce were esteemed as such that had been harvested and worked by the gentiles of that place and who are not obligated in the laws of the Seventh Year. This, therefore, made it permissible unto Jews to purchase from them such items.</p><br>
<h3>Addendum: Permitted towns in region of Sebaste</h3><br>
<p>Between the country of Judea and the country of Galilee lies an intermediate stretch of land known as "the strip of the Samaritans." Jews often passed through the region, while en route from Galilee to Jerusalem during the three annual pilgrimages, and again when returning home.</p><br>
<p>Although the region of Samaria was not seized at the very outset by those Jews returning from the Babylonian exile, the priests of Aaron&#39;s descent were still permitted to pass through their country, without fear of contracting defilement in respect to the country of the gentiles. Nonetheless, with respect to fruits and vegetables had in Samaria, there were some places in Samaria that were exempt from tithes, as if they had been a foreign land.</p><br>
<p>The Jerusalem Talmud, when speaking about the impropriety of leaving the Land of Israel, describes the standard rule of practice of the time: "Said Rabbi Abbahu: There are hamlets belonging to the Samaritans wherein it has been customary to permit, since the days of Joshua, the son of Nun, and they are permitted&#39; (i.e. released from the laws requiring tithing of produce)." The reason for this exemption is explained by Talmudic exegete, Solomon Sirilio, as being that these villages in Samaria and their suburbs had the status of feudal or usufruct lands given by grant from the State to farm-laborers for a share of its increase, while the majority of increase accrued unto the State. This was enough to exempt such produce from the requirement of tithing, since the kingdom (Ptolemaic or Roman, or otherwise) had not forfeited its hold over such lands, and since the Jewish regulations for tithing prescribe that produce or grain that is to be tithed must be the property of its tither, in accordance with Deuteronomy 14:22, "…you shall tithe all the produce of your seed" -- meaning, your seed, but not the seed belonging to others. The following list of towns concerns those hamlets held by the State (kingdom) in the region of Sebaste (the biblical city of Samaria) and which were, therefore, exempt from the laws of tithing. The list is not known from any other source, and is only alluded to in the Jerusalem Talmud.</p><br>
<p>The Waterville Main Street Historic District encompasses the best-preserved portions of the historical commercial downtown area of Waterville, Maine. Developed most intensively in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, this area was the center of commerce for Waterville and the surrounding rural communities. It encompasses 25 properties on Main and Common Streets, including the Waterville Opera House and City Hall. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 2012, and was slightly enlarged in 2016.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The downtown area of Waterville is located on the west bank of the Kennebec River, about 20 mi upstream from the city of Augusta, the rivers highest point navigable by ocean-going vessels. Waterville developed as an industrial center in the second half of the 19th century, following the arrival of the railroad in 1849. Mills were built south of the downtown area, and residential areas grew to the north and west. The citys most rapid period of growth was between about 1890 and 1920, when many of the brick commercial buildings lining Main Street were built. Castonguay Square, a grassy park on the north side of Common Street and south of City Hall, was laid out in 1796, when the area was still part of Winslow. It is named for a soldier killed during World War I, and features a German cannon from that war, as well as a commemorative marker of Benedict Arnold&#39;s expedition to Quebec, which took place during the American Revolutionary War, when this area was largely undeveloped.</p><br>
<p>The district includes two blocks of Main Street, between Temple and Spring Streets, as well as Common Street and Castonguay Square. Most of the buildings in this area are commercial brick buildings, and most have fairly typical Late Victorian commercial styling. The Opera House and City Hall, a single building on the north side of Castonguay Square at the corner of Front Street, is a fine example of Colonial Revival architecture, and continues to serve the community as an entertainment venue and municipal center. The Krutzky Block, located at the southeast corner of Common and Main, is a distinctive small block with Spanish Revival and Arts and Crafts elements. The 1936 Federal Trust Company building (25-33 Main) is the districts only example of Art Deco architecture. The districts oldest building is the 1836 Ticonic Row (8-22 Main), which exhibits Greek Revival features overlaid by alterations made in the 1920s.</p><br>
<p>The Lincoln Covered Bridge is a historic covered bridge, just south of United States Route 4 in West Woodstock, Vermont. Built in 1877, it is one of the only known examples of a wooden Pratt truss bridge in the United States. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lincoln Covered Bridge spans the Ottauquechee River, a short way west of the village of West Woodstock. It is just south of US 4, connecting that road to Bridges Road and Fletcher Hill Road on the south side of the river. It is a single span, 136 ft in length, resting on concrete and stone abutments, and is 18.5 ft wide with a roadway width of 14 ft (one lane). The bridge is supported by two arch trusses, which are sheltered by a post-and-beam structure finished with a metal standing seam roof and vertical board siding. The trusses are a variant of the Pratt truss, with laminated arches supporting the deck by a combination of wooden and iron verticals, with iron cross bracing. Laminated support beams have been added below the floor to increase the bridge&#39;s strength. The superstructure of the bridge is fastened to the ground by a system of metal guy wires.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was built in 1877 by R.W. Pinney and B.H. Pinney (of Bridgewater and Woodstock, respectively), about thirty years after the Pratt truss was patented. According to covered bridge history Richard S. Allen, it is the only known surviving use of the Pratt truss in wood; this form is seen much more widely in metal bridges built later.</p><br>
<p>The Whitehouse Block is a historic commercial building at 188 Water Street in downtown Augusta, Maine. Built in 1865, it is one of a series of four Italianate commercial buildings built in the wake of a devastating 1865 fire. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Whitehouse Block stands on the west side of Water Street, Augusta&#39;s principal commercial downtown thoroughfare, just south of its junction with Bridge Street. It is the southernmost of a series of four three-story brick Italianate commercial buildings, running south from that corner, which share a common roof line. The building has a projecting modillioned cornice, quoining at the corners, and a storefront with recessed entry. Second floor windows have rounded hoods and bracketed sills, while those on the third floor have more elaborate hoods.</p><br>
<p>All four of these buildings were built beginning in 1865, after a fire devastated Augustas downtown. This building was designed by Francis H. Fassett, Maines preeminent architect of the time, and was built for O.C. Whitehouse, a dry goods merchant. He operated his store out of the building&#39;s second floor, while the first floor had as early tenants the Augusta Savings Bank and the United States Pension Agency. The third floor was occupied by fraternal societies. The building continues to see commercial use.</p><br>
<p>The T. C. Steele State Historic Site  is located in rural Brown County, Indiana, one and a half miles south of Belmont, between Bloomington and Nashville, Indiana. The property was the studio and home of Hoosier Group landscape and portrait artist Theodore Clement Steele  and Selma Neubacher Steele , the artist&#39;s second wife. Shortly before her death in 1945, Selma donated the property on 211 acre of land to the Indiana Department of Conservation  to establish a state historic site in memory of her husband. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 as the Theodore Clement Steele House and Studio. The Indiana State Museum operates the historic site, which is open to the public and offers guided tours of the home and studio.</p><br>
<h2>History</h2><br>
<h3>The artist</h3><br>
<p>Theodore Clement Steele (1847–1926) was a member of the famous Hoosier Group of American regional impressionist painters that also included William Forsyth, J. Ottis Adams, Richard B. Gruelle, and Otto Stark. Born in Owen County, Indiana, Steele began studying art at an early age. He attended Waveland Collegiate Institute in Montgomery County, Indiana, and briefly studied painting in Chicago and Cincinnati before moving to Indianapolis to become a portrait painter. Steele spent five years (1880–85) studying art at the Academy of Fine Arts, Munich, before returning to Indianapolis to resume his career. Although Steele made his living painting portraits, he is best known for his landscapes.</p><br>
<p>Steele was elected an Associate Artist to the National Academy of Design in New York City in 1913, confirming his standing as the most famous Hoosier artist of his time. Steele was also a former president of the Society of Western Artists. Steele&#39;s work has been exhibited across the United States. Three of his paintings were accepted into the prestigious Panama–Pacific International Exposition in San Francisco, California, in 1915. In 1916 Steele was awarded an honorary doctorate from Indiana University.</p><br>
<h3>Studio and home</h3><br>
<p>Around 1905–06, while Steele was exploring new landscapes to paint, he discovered a scenic and isolated area of Brown County, Indiana. In 1907 he purchased 60 acre of land approximately one and a half miles south of Belmont, between Bloomington and Nashville, Indiana, and had a hilltop studio and home built on the property. Steele moved into the new summer residence with Selma Neubacher Steele, his second wife, in August 1907. From:</p><br>
<p>Steele and his wife developed the property slowly, over time. In 1911 they purchased additional acreage to increase their property to 211 acre of land, and made further improvements that included an enlarged home surrounded by beautiful gardens, a barn-sized studio and art gallery, and several other outbuildings. The site became their year-round residence in 1912. Although the property in rural Brown County remained Steeles primary residence, he maintained a studio in Indianapolis. Beginning in 1922, when Steele was named IUs artist-in-residence, he also maintained a winter home in Bloomington and a studio on the school&#39;s campus.</p><br>
<p>Following Steeles death in 1926, Selma and her sister, Edith Newbacher, continued to reside on the Brown County property, but they struggled financially. Selma managed the artists studio, rented out cabins on the property, and sold farm produce and her husband&#39;s paintings to earn cash. Selma also established a small museum in a log cabin that she had moved to the property and charged admission for studio tours.</p><br>
<p>In July 1945 Selma donated the Brown County property of more than 200 acre to the Indiana Department of Conservation (the present-day Indiana Department of Natural Resources) to establish the historic site in her husbands honor. The property included the house, its furnishings and decorative arts, a large studio, other outbuildings and structures, and more than 300 of her husbands paintings. The site was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1973 as the Theodore Clement Steele House and Studio.</p><br>
<h3>State historic site</h3><br>
<p>The T. C. Steele State Historic Site, the property&#39;s present-day name, offers visitors guided tours of the home and large studio. It is open to the public, Tuesday through Saturday from 9 a.m. to 5 p.m. and Sunday from 1 p.m. to 5 p.m. The 211-acre property includes several structures, landscaped grounds and gardens, five hiking trails, and a nature preserve.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<h3>Home</h3><br>
<p>Inspired by the breezes blowing through the cottages screened porches, T. C. and Selma Steele named their Brown County home the House of the Singing Winds. The home originates from 1907, but it was enlarged in 1908 to include a west wing that served as an art studio. (Steeles first studio on the site was established in the home&#39;s present-day living room.) Steele used the studio in the west wing for seven years. Before the large, barn-like studio was built in 1916, he also worked in another outbuilding on the property.</p><br>
<p>The vernacular-style home has high ceilings, screened porches, a pyramid-shaped roof, and a central fireplace. Selma Steele decorated the home&#39;s interior in an eclectic mix of styles that included Arts and Crafts and Rococo Revival. Gustave Baumann, an artist friend, carved an old Gaelic saying below the fireplace mantle: "Every morning I take off my hat to the beauty of the world."</p><br>
<h3>Large studio</h3><br>
<p>The large, barn-like studio was built in 1916. Because Steele was primarily a plein-air painter, it served as a gallery to exhibit and sell Steeles works of art. Painted a dark red color, the building measures 30 feet by 50 feet and contains a wall of windows on its north side. The studio continues to display examples of Steeles art.</p><br>
<h3>Dewar log cabin</h3><br>
<p>Peter Dewar, a Scottish immigrant who settled in Brown County, built the two-story log cabin around 1875 at another location as a wedding gift to his son. In order to save the historic cabin from demolition, Selma had it relocated to the Steele property in the early 1930s, where it became known as the Trailside Museum. She dedicated the small museum in 1934 to the memory of Walter Neubacher, one of her brothers.</p><br>
<h3>Other structures</h3><br>
<p>One of two temporary studios that T. C. Steele had erected on the property in 1911, has been reconstructed. The Steeles also had guest houses erected on the property to house visitors.</p><br>
<h3>Gravesites</h3><br>
<p>The remains of T. C. Steele, his wife, Selma, and members of her family are buried in a family cemetery, known as the T. C. Steele Memorial Cemetery, on the property near Belmont.</p><br>
<h3>Grounds and gardens</h3><br>
<p>The land, while not suitable for agricultural purpose, provided Steele with "beautiful picturesque woods and hills and valleys." Selma Steele managed the property while her husband focused on painting. She also supervised the gradual development of its landscaped grounds, which included the introduction of new trees, shrubs, and masses of flowers to the hilltop property. It was especially known for the daffodils that covered the hillsides in the spring.</p><br>
<p>The present-day grounds feature lily ponds, hillside and perennial gardens, and a formal garden. The site also has five hiking trails: the Trail of Silences, Wildflower Trail, Whippoorwill Haunt Trail, Peckerwood Trail, and Inspiration Ridge Trail. The Selma Steele Nature Preserve on 92 acre of land within the grounds of the state historic site was dedicated in 1990.</p><br>
<p>The J.D. Craven Womens Relief Corps Hall is a historic building located in Macksburg, Iowa, United States. The J. D. Craven Post #198 of the Grand Army of the Republic  was organized in 1883. They organized an auxiliary, the J.D. Craven Post #322 of the Womens Relief Corps , in 1898. They built this two-story frame building in 1901 with donated labor and lumber. It is a rare example of a vaulted roof commercial building. In addition to the functions of the WRC, the building has also served as a community building. It also housed the local public school during the 1920-21 school year when their new building was under construction. The WRC continued in existence, even after the GAR folded. When the hall was nominated for National Register of Historic Places, the J.D. Craven Post was still in existence. It was the only one left in Madison County, and one of 34 in Iowa at that time. They added seasonal assistance to the elderly to their aid for veterans. The building was listed on the National Register in 1984.</p><br>
<p>The Lockwood-Boynton House is a historic house at 1 School Street in North Springfield, Vermont. Built c. 1800 and enlarged in 1813 by a local master builder, it is well-preserved example of Federal period architecture in brick, with distinctive colonnaded ground floor bays. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Lockwood-Boynton House stands in North Springfield village, at the northwest corner of School and Main Streets. Its main block is roughly square, and covered by a hip roof with two interior chimneys. Three of its four walls are brick; that on the west is clapboarded, as is the wood-frame addition extending to the north. The main block has front facades facing both streets, each with five symmetrical bays. The ground floor windows and central doorways are set in slightly recessed round-arch panels, giving the house an arcaded appearance. The interior follows a central hall plan, and includes a full-width ballroom with coved plaster ceiling on the second floor.</p><br>
<p>The oldest brick portion of the house was built about 1800, and was the villages first tavern, located just north of the village green. It was a success as a center of social life in the village, and was enlarged in 1813 by Benoni Lockwood, owner of the areas first brickyard. Lockwood is credited with giving the house its present high-quality Federal period elements, although he was also responsible for subdividing the ballroom into bedrooms. In the 1870s, the house was owned by Durant Boynton, who owned a local sawmill, and served in both local and state government. In the 1970s the house was adapted for use as an elder care facility; alterations for later uses have generally preserved the building&#39;s historic fabric.</p><br>
<p>The Woods Landing Dance Hall was built in 1927 by Hokum Lestum for Mayme and Clarence Llewellyn near Woods Landing, Wyoming. The site had previously been the Woods Landing Saloon, established by Colonel Samuel Wood in 1883. After the death of Clarence in 1936, Mayme married Hokum and they operated the dance hall and cafe until the death of Hokum in 1970. Mayme continued to operate it until the 1980s.</p><br>
<p>The dance hall is of primarily log construction with an open log-truss roof. It measures about 40 ft by 67.5 ft on a stone and concrete foundation. The logs are shaped to fit closely, without chinking. The roof is a clipped gable, with a porch extension to the front over the large double entry doors. The dance floor was designed to float on 24 box car springs to optimize it for rhythmic group dancing.</p><br>
<p>The Woods Landing Dance Hall was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on December 13, 1985.</p><br>
<p>The Chicago & North Western Railway Stone Arch Bridge, also known as the Kinnikinnick Creek Railway Bridge, is a historic Chicago and North Western Railway bridge that crosses South Kinnikinnick Creek east of Roscoe, Illinois. The bridge was built in 1882 to replace a wooden bridge; the line it was on opened in 1853 as part of the Galena and Chicago Union Railroad and originally connected Belvidere, Illinois and Beloit, Wisconsin. C&NW Chief Engineer Van Mienen designed the double arch dolomitic limestone bridge, which is 53 ft long, 60 ft wide, and 58 ft high. The railroad allowed the sand quarrying industry in Roscoe and South Beloit to ship its products to construction sites in Chicago; the bridge is one of the few surviving remnants of the railroad in Roscoe. The bridge is the only stone-faced rubble fill bridge with more than one arch in Winnebago County; the nearest bridge of the type is a five-arch bridge in Tiffany, Wisconsin.</p><br>
<p>The bridge was added to the National Register of Historic Places on August 19, 1993. It is now part of the Stone Bridge Trail, a rail trail built along the former railway.</p><br>
<p>The William Ogburn House is a historic ruin located north of East Peru, Iowa, United States. This 1½-story limestone structure is an early example of a vernacular farm house, and the only known saltbox residence known to exist in Madison County. It is attributed to David Harris who used innovative design variations that were not used by other local masons. The stone of the main facade is composed of finished cut quarry faced stone laid two against one with broken bond within courses. The other elevations are composed of rubble limestone. It also features quoins and jambs of finished cut quarry faced stone. The house suffered a fire so only the stone walls remain. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The John and Elizabeth McMurn Early House is a historic residence located south of Earlham, Iowa, United States. The Earlys settled in Madison County in 1855 from Eddyville, Iowa. They bought 160 acre of raw prairie and established a farm. This was the second house built on the property, and it was unusual for a "second generation" farm house in Central Iowa to be built of stone around the time of the Civil War. The Earlys were Presbyterians and held services in the house until a church was built. John Early was an ardent Republican and abolitionist who was active in the Underground Railroad. While "it is said, had as many as five runaway slaves on his place at one time", there is no evidence this house itself was a stop. The Earlys lived here until their deaths in 1872  and 1873 . The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Williams Block is a historic commercial building at 183-187 Water Street in downtown Augusta, Maine. Built in 1862, it is the only remaining building south of Bridge Street to survive a devastating 1865 fire, and one of a small number of surviving commercial buildings  designed by Francis H. Fassett. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1986.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Williams Block stands on the east side of Water Street, Augusta&#39;s principal downtown thoroughfare, a short way south of its junction with Bridge Street. It is a three-story brick building, six bays wide, with a flat roof and projecting cornice. The ground floor is divided into two storefronts, each with a recessed entry and large display windows; one of them also has an original broad band of transom windows above. The upper floor bays are divided into groups of three, articulated by pilasters. The windows are set in rounded-arch openings, with keystoned molded hoods, and bracketed lintels that are joined together within each group.</p><br>
<p>The block was designed by Francis H. Fassett, then Maines leading architect. It was built for Reuel Williams, then one of Augustas leading businessmen and politicians. Although Fassett designed many buildings in Augusta, many of the commercial ones were destroyed in the 1865 fire, and this is the only one to survive. Fassett is credited with several early post-fire buildings in Water Street, some of which are located across the street from this one.</p><br>
<p>The W.T. Ford House is a historic residence located south of Earlham, Iowa, United States. This early example of a vernacular limestone farmhouse was built in three parts. The first section of the house is attributed to George Francis, who was one of the first settlers in the township. This 1½-story section is composed of rubble limestone. The first addition was built onto the south side of the original house. It is also 1½-stories and it is composed of locally quarried finished cut and ashlar limestone. Most of the main facade of this addition has a full sized enclosed stucco porch.</p><br>
<p>W.T. Ford bought the property in 1868 from Francis and had the second addition built to the west of the first addition. It is 2½-stories and is composed of ashlar and rubble stone that was quarried at Eureka Quarry in Madison Township. The quarry&#39;s owner, J.G Parkins, is credited with building this addition. He may have built the first addition as well. All three sections of the house are capped with gable roofs, and the two additions feature bracketed eaves. Ford was a major player in the area owning 2,000 acre, and with his partners, farmed 5,000 acre. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Locust Creek House Complex is a historic former tavern turned farmstead at 4 Creek Road  in Bethel, Vermont. Built in 1837 and enlarged in 1860, it is a rare surviving example of a rural tavern in the state, with an added complex of agriculture-related outbuildings following its transition to a new role. The property was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1982. It now houses residences.</p><br>
<h2>Description and history</h2><br>
<p>The Locust Creek House Complex stands on the east side of Vermont Route 12, just south of its junction with Vermont Route 107. It is a rambling complex of wood-frame structures, one or two stories in height, with most of them connected together. Stretching along the road are a five-bay I-house and a four-bay carriage barn with open ground-floor bays. Projecting from the rear of the I-house is a 1-1/2 story ell, while a barn is joined to the northeast corner of the carriage barn, and a gabled shed extends further north from the side of the barn. The southern sections of this structure have been covered in a modern metal roof, and adapted for residential use, with the open carriage barn bays used as vehicle parking.</p><br>
<p>The house is the oldest portion of the building, and was constructed as a tavern in 1837. It was apparently not very successful financially, going through a number of lessee and ownership changes in its early years. The carriage barn was added in 1860, also including a large ballroom with a sprung floor on the second floor. Then billed as a hotel, it became a favored local social venue for dances and other events. Because the railroad did not pass nearby, it eventually declined and closed permanently in 1899. For the first half of the 20th century it was the centerpiece of a small dairy farm.</p><br>
<p>The Oka-Don Lowlands  , is a flat plain in European Russia bounded on the north by the Oka River , on the south by the Don River, on the west by the Central Russian Upland, and on the east by the Volga Upland. The area is part of the larger East European Plain. The terrain is flat, with altitude averaging 160 meters above sea level, and the rivers meander on broad floodplains. Agricultural use of the plain is high, mostly for grain growing - wheat, barley and rye. The plain provides a flat route south-north route of transportation, situated between uplands. Until a line of forts was built across the territory by the Russian government in the 1640s , the plain was a route for Tatar invasion from the south.</p><br>
<h2>Topography</h2><br>
<p>The plain is about 250 km west-east, and 500 km north-south. The central and southern parts are sometimes called the "Tambov plain", and are mostly contained in Tambov Oblast. The lowlands also includes portions of Lipetsk Oblast on the west, Ryazan Oblast to the north, Penza Oblast to the east, and Voronezh Oblast to the south. The soil includes widespread chernozym ("black earth"), with more podzolic ("under-ash") soils towards the north and some sandy regions in the south.</p><br>
<h2>Hydrogaphy</h2><br>
<p>Because it is flat, the major rivers meander on broad floodplains. The main river in the north is the Tsna, which runs north through the city of Tambov and into the Moksha River, a right tributary of the Oka in the Volga basin. In the south, the plain narrows along the Khopyor River, flowing south into the Don River, and the Medevista, which is also in the Don Basin. The floodplains can be up to 20 km in width, with up to three terraces.</p><br>
<h2>Vegetation</h2><br>
<p>In modern times, the plain is heavily developed for agriculture. The primary grains are wheat, barley and rye, with industrial crops such as sunflower seeds, sugar beets, and potatoes. Before modern development, the plain was forb meadow-steppe, with forest groves of pine, oak, and black alder along the river banks. The Oka-Don lowlands include two federal-level nature reserves: the Voronina Nature Reserve in the southeast, and the Voronina Nature Reserve, both featuring forest-steppe habitat along rivers.</p><br>
<p>Gouvia is a village and resort situated around Gouvino Bay in Corfu, Greece. It is situated around 8km  North of Corfu town.</p><br>
<p>Gouvias position in a natural harbour made it an ideal location for a shipyard, this was exploited during the Venetian occupation, when they built their arsenal in the village. The remains of it today are notable in the area.</p><br>
<p>The village has a Greek Orthodox church, names All Saints&#39;. There are many bars, restaurants and tavernas along the main street serving mostly tourists from Northern Europe. There are a number of large hotels and self-catering apartments in the village.</p><br>
<h2>Venetian shipyard</h2><br>
<p>Located near the mouth of the Adriatic Sea, Corfu was a very strategic location for Venice and the Venetians built extensive fortifications to defend the island against incursions. The island was also at the centre of their naval operations in the Levant. As part of their defence plans the Venetians stationed two squadrons in Corfu, one of twenty five galleys, the other of twelve heavy sailing ships. Two Venetian Vice Admirals oversaw the naval operations in Corfu, one for each squadron.</p><br>
<p>In the aftermath of the second great siege of Corfu by the Ottomans in 1716, the Venetians, as part of their reinforcement of the fortifications of Corfu, built the arsenal to service their ships and also stationed their galleys at Govino Bay. The arsenal was also used as storage for the Venetian ships.</p><br>
<p>The shipyard at Gouvia was part of a network of Venetian arsenals and naval stations in Greece, including shipyards in the Aegean Sea, Epirus, the Peloponnese, the Kingdom of Candia (modern Crete) and even Venice itself. Aside from Corfu, such locations in Greece included Methoni, Koroni, Chalkis, Preveza, Chania and Heraklion.</p><br>
<p>The Gouvia arsenal is in a strategic location well-suited to ship repairs as it was near a forested area and high quality wood was plentiful and easily available for ship maintenance.</p><br>
<p>The practice of the Venetian captains, who participated in the construction of the arsenal, to inscribe the buildings with their initials and coats of arms, had been documented in the late-18th-century writings of French consul to Corfu Saint-Sauveur.</p><br>
<p>The arsenal at Gouvia was supposed to be used for ship repairs during the winter after each fleet had returned from their yearly campaign during peacetime.</p><br>
<p>However, the Venetian Senate became alarmed at the prospect of an arsenal in proximity to Venice which could potentially compete with the central arsenal and in order to protect the operations of their local naval facilities, the Senate opted to limit the kind of repair activities undertaken at the Corfu shipyard.</p><br>
<p>Consequently, the shipyard operations at Gouvia were restricted to basic maintenance such as cleaning and caulking; many captains, instead of repairing their damaged ships at the arsenal, chose to sink them.</p><br>
<p>As time went on, the number of ships being serviced at the location declined, and any further use was officially discontinued with the Treaty of Campo Formio, which was signed on 18 October 1798, marking the end of the Venetian Republic and with it the end of the Venetian period of Corfu, which had lasted for over 400 years.</p><br>
<p>The surviving arches of the structure have been described as "beautifully boned", "strong" and "impressive", and "a striking collection of skeletal arches".</p><br>
<p>The Seth and Elizabeth Wilson House is a historic residence located southeast of Earlham, Iowa, United States. Seth settled with relatives in the northwestern part of Madison County in 1854. They acquired 3,000 acre of land, of which Wilson himself bought 600 acre. He was a Quaker, and he encouraged other Quakers to settle in this area. He was one of the people who developed the town of Earlham, selling the land for its establishment.</p><br>
<p>The house is an early example of a vernacular limestone farmhouse. This 1½-story structure is composed of ashlar and rubble stone. It is one of the few symmetrically massed rectangular stone houses built in the county. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Hogan and Martha A. Runkle Queen House is a historic residence located southeast of Earlham, Iowa, United States. Hogan Queen settled in Madison County in 1853. Within two years he had acquired 900 acre of land, and his land holdings eventually grew to 1,420 acre. In addition to farming, Queen was a livestock dealer and he operated a stagecoach stop in his home. The house was also believed to be a stop on the Underground Railroad.</p><br>
<p>The house is an early example of a vernacular limestone farmhouse. This 2½-story asymmetrical massed rectangular structure is composed of ashlar finished cut quarry faced stone and rubble. The stone may have been quarried on the farm. The house features cut out bargeboards, a protruding water table and lintel course, and a gable roof. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>Didnauri  is a Late Bronze Age/Early Iron Age archaeological site in Georgia, located in the steppes of the Shiraki Plain in the country&#39;s southeasternmost municipality of Dedoplistsqaro. The National Agency for Cultural Heritage Preservation of Georgia, which supports the ongoing field works, has described it as "the largest ever ancient settlement" unearthed in the South Caucasus. The site is inscribed on the list of the Immovable Monuments of Cultural Heritage of Georgia.</p><br>
<p>The Didnauri site was discovered, in 2014, through satellite imagery in the western part of the Shiraki Plain used as croplands. Preliminary digs revealed ruins of a large settlement, which was dated by a team of Georgian archaeologists to the period of 12th to 9th century BC. The settlement is encompassed by a 1.5 km-long and 7 m-wide defensive wall made of clay and wooden logs, "unique in its scale and design", as described by the expedition led by the archaeologist Konstantine Pitskhelauri. The pattern of destruction of the wall suggests an unexpected natural disaster, presumably an earthquake. Among other ruined structures unearthed were several buildings, including those apparently used for religious rituals, a water supply system, and four tombs, which contained the early 10th-century BC artifacts such as ceramic vessels, stone tools, and bronze items. One of the tombs belonged to an upper-class warrior who was buried with his dagger and had an arrowhead, not of local origin, in his stomach area.</p><br>
<p>The George and Susan Guiberson Armstrong House is a historic residence located north of Winterset, Iowa, United States. George Armstrong was a native of Ireland who settled with his wife Susan in Madison County in 1853. He bought 40 acre of land in 1855 on which he built this house a year later. In 1875, he still owned the same 40 acres, which suggests the Armstrongs were people of modest means. The house is an early example of a vernacular limestone farmhouse. This single-story, one room structure is composed of roughly squared quarry faced and rubble limestone that was laid in courses in a random bond. It features quoins and door jambs that are composed of roughly squared quarry faced stone, and lintels and window sills of wood. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The Emily Hornback House is a historic residence located in Winterset, Iowa, United States. The Hornbacks were a prominent family in town. Brothers George and James were in business with their father building wagons. Emily was married to one of the brothers, although it is unclear which one. She bought this property on contract beginning in 1856 and acquired the title outright in 1860. The house was built about the time she started to acquire the property. She lost the property to land agents Pitzer and Knight in 1865. The 1½-story limestone structure is composed of ashlar and rubble. It features chamfered rustication, an octagon-shaped stone chimney, and a full-length front porch with four ornately turned posts and spindles around the top. It was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1987.</p><br>
<p>The William R. and Martha Foster Shriver House is a historic residence located in Winterset, Iowa, United States. William R. Shriver was an Ohio native who settled in Jefferson County, Iowa before he moved to Madison County in 1853-54. He married Martha Foster in 1858 in Winterset. He was a wagon-maker by trade, and served as a lieutenant in the 1st Iowa Cavalry during the American Civil War. Shriver went into farming in the 1870s, and they left this house at that time. He went on to serve as the Clerk of District Court from 1882 to 1887. The Shrivers left Iowa for California in 1890 because of Martha&#39;s health. She died there that same year, and William returned to Iowa permanently in 1900.</p><br>
<p>The 1½-story structure is composed of locally quarried limestone. It features chamfered rustication, two octagon-shaped stone chimneys, cut out bargeboards with a pendant post at the gable peak, and a full-length Greek Revival-style front porch (a later addition). The rear frame addition and porch was built in either the late 19th century, or the early 20th century. The roof dormers are early 20th century additions. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>The Emmanuel Gallery is an art gallery and historic building at 1201 10th Street in Denver, Colorado, United States, on the Auraria Campus.</p><br>
<p>The gallery is housed in Denver&#39;s oldest surviving church building and is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as Emmanuel Shearith Israel Chapel. It was built in 1876 as an Episcopal church, on the site of a Sunday School building that was erected in 1859. In 1903, it was bought by the Shearith Israel congregation and converted to serve as a Jewish synagogue, which it was until 1958.</p><br>
<p>It was the first official Denver landmark established by ordnance of Denver&#39;s city council, on January 10, 1968.</p><br>
<p>The building was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1969.</p><br>
<p>It has served as an art gallery since 1973.</p><br>
<p>The Miller Richard and Mary Fisher Tidrick House is a historic residence located in Winterset, Iowa, United States. Miller Tidrick was an Ohio native who settled in Winterset in 1858 and was a member of a well-connected family in town. He served in the 3rd Iowa Volunteer Infantry Regiment during the American Civil War, and married Mary Fisher from the Adel area after being discharged for unknown health reasons in 1862. That same year he established a grocery business in town. In addition to being a businessman, he was involved in several community organizations. This house was built about 1865, and the Tidricks lived here until they moved to a farm in 1882 where he died in 1914.</p><br>
<p>This 1½-story structure is composed of locally quarried limestone. The house originally had two bedrooms and because the Tidricks had seven children, additions were added. An ell was added on the south side sometime before 1869. Another wing was added to the west before 1879. The house was listed on the National Register of Historic Places in 1993.</p><br>
<p>Richardsons Overland Trail Ranch is a complex of seven ranch buildings at the crossing of the Big Laramie River by the Overland Trail. The ranchs main residence was built as a stage station for the trail in 1862. A corduroy road was built at the same time. By 1864 ranching became established around the stage station, primarily by Tom Alsop, Edward Creighton and Charlie Hutton. With Creighton&#39;s death in 1874 the land was divided between Alsop on the west side of the river and Hutton on the east side. The ranch on the west side became known as the Heart or Hart Ranch. The ranches at the river crossing became part of the larger Riverside Livestock Company.</p><br>
<p>At the beginning of the twentieth century the stage station at the Hart Ranch was sold to D.C. Buntin and James Caldwell, who started a polo pony breeding operation and added buildings. Caldwell committed suicide in the wake of the Teapot Dome Scandal and the ranch was sold. Otto Clausen initially operated the ranch as a dude ranch from 1929, but the Great Depression reduced operations to subsistence farming. Clausen sold to T.H. and Ella Therkkildsen in 1944, who managed the ranch until they passed it on to their daughter Marge and her husband T.H. Richardson in 1974.</p><br>
<h2>Description</h2><br>
<p>The main house is a one-story log structure in three sections with interior log partitions. It retains its original character. Other structures include the 1910 polo barn, the so-called "damn good shed," built about 1930 in board-and-batten construction, a log cabin that was moved to the site in the 1930s from Fox Park, the log "Little Cabin," and the "Long Shed," also moved to the site from Fox Park. An intact section of the Overland Trail corduroy road is about 300 ft north of the ranch complex.</p><br>
<p>Richardson&#39;s Overland Trail Ranch was placed on the National Register of Historic Places on March 5, 1992.</p><br>
